265 research outputs found
Mass and Charge in Brane-World and Non-Compact Kaluza-Klein Theories in 5 Dim
In classical Kaluza-Klein theory, with compactified extra dimensions and
without scalar field, the rest mass as well as the electric charge of test
particles are constants of motion. We show that in the case of a large extra
dimension this is no longer so. We propose the Hamilton-Jacobi formalism,
instead of the geodesic equation, for the study of test particles moving in a
five-dimensional background metric. This formalism has a number of advantages:
(i) it provides a clear and invariant definition of rest mass, without the
ambiguities associated with the choice of the parameters used along the motion
in 5D and 4D, (ii) the electromagnetic field can be easily incorporated in the
discussion, and (iii) we avoid the difficulties associated with the "splitting"
of the geodesic equation. For particles moving in a general 5D metric, we show
how the effective rest mass, as measured by an observer in 4D, varies as a
consequence of the large extra dimension. Also, the fifth component of the
momentum changes along the motion. This component can be identified with the
electric charge of test particles. With this interpretation, both the rest mass
and the charge vary along the trajectory. The constant of motion is now a
combination of these quantities. We study the cosmological variations of charge
and rest mass in a five-dimensional bulk metric which is used to embed the
standard k = 0 FRW universes. The time variations in the fine structure
"constant" and the Thomson cross section are also discussed.Comment: V2: References added, discussion extended. V3 is identical to V2,
references updated. To appear in General Relativity and Gravitatio
Late time cosmic acceleration from vacuum Brans-Dicke theory in 5D
We show that the scalar-vacuum Brans-Dicke equations in 5D are equivalent to
Brans-Dicke theory in 4D with a self interacting potential and an effective
matter field. The cosmological implication, in the context of FRW models, is
that the observed accelerated expansion of the universe comes naturally from
the condition that the scalar field is not a ghost, i.e., . We
find an effective matter-dominated 4D universe which shows accelerated
expansion if . We study the question of whether
accelerated expansion can be made compatible with large values of ,
within the framework of a 5D scalar-vacuum Brans-Dicke theory with variable,
instead of constant, parameter . In this framework, and based on a
general class of solutions of the field equations, we demonstrate that
accelerated expansion is incompatible with large values of .Comment: In V2 the summary section is expanded. To be published in Classical
and Quantum Gravity
Effective spacetime from multi-dimensional gravity
We study the effective spacetimes in lower dimensions that can be extracted
from a multidimensional generalization of the Schwarzschild-Tangherlini
spacetimes derived by Fadeev, Ivashchuk and Melnikov ({\it Phys. Lett,} {\bf A
161} (1991) 98). The higher-dimensional spacetime has
dimensions, where and are the number of "internal" and "external" extra
dimensions, respectively. We analyze the effective spacetime obtained
after dimensional reduction of the external dimensions. We find that when
the extra dimensions are compact (i) the physics in lower dimensions is
independent of and the character of the singularities in higher dimensions,
and (ii) the total gravitational mass of the effective matter distribution
is less than the Schwarzshild mass. In contrast, when the extra dimensions
are large this is not so; the physics in does explicitly depend on
, as well as on the nature of the singularities in high dimensions, and the
mass of the effective matter distribution (with the exception of wormhole-like
distributions) is bigger than the Schwarzshild mass. These results may be
relevant to observations for an experimental/observational test of the theory.Comment: A typo in Eq. (24) is fixe
Enabling Micro-level Demand-Side Grid Flexiblity in Resource Constrained Environments
The increased penetration of uncertain and variable renewable energy presents
various resource and operational electric grid challenges. Micro-level
(household and small commercial) demand-side grid flexibility could be a
cost-effective strategy to integrate high penetrations of wind and solar
energy, but literature and field deployments exploring the necessary
information and communication technologies (ICTs) are scant. This paper
presents an exploratory framework for enabling information driven grid
flexibility through the Internet of Things (IoT), and a proof-of-concept
wireless sensor gateway (FlexBox) to collect the necessary parameters for
adequately monitoring and actuating the micro-level demand-side. In the summer
of 2015, thirty sensor gateways were deployed in the city of Managua
(Nicaragua) to develop a baseline for a near future small-scale demand response
pilot implementation. FlexBox field data has begun shedding light on
relationships between ambient temperature and load energy consumption, load and
building envelope energy efficiency challenges, latency communication network
challenges, and opportunities to engage existing demand-side user behavioral
patterns. Information driven grid flexibility strategies present great
opportunity to develop new technologies, system architectures, and
implementation approaches that can easily scale across regions, incomes, and
levels of development
Stars in five dimensional Kaluza Klein gravity
In the five dimensional Kaluza Klein (KK) theory there is a well known class
of static and electromagnetic--free KK--equations characterized by a naked
singularity behavior, namely the Generalized Schwarzschild solution (GSS). We
present here a set of interior solutions of five dimensional KK--equations.
These equations have been numerically integrated to match the GSS in the
vacuum. The solutions are candidates to describe the possible interior perfect
fluid source of the exterior GSS metric and thus they can be models for stars
for static, neutral astrophysical objects in the ordinary (four dimensional)
spacetime.Comment: 15 pages, 8 figures. To be published in EPJ
Self-similar cosmologies in 5D: Our universe as a topological separation from an empty 5D Minkowski space
In this paper we find the most general self-similar, homogeneous and
isotropic, Ricci flat cosmologies in 5D. These cosmologies show a number of
interesting features: (i) the field equations allow a complete integration in
terms of one arbitrary function of the similarity variable, and a free
parameter; (ii) the three-dimensional spatial surfaces are flat; (iii) the
extra dimension is spacelike; (iv) the general solution is Riemann-flat in 5D
but curved in 4D, which means that an observer confined to 4D spacetime can
relate this curvature to the presence of matter, as determined by the Einstein
equations in 4D. We show that these cosmologies can be interpreted, or used, as
5D Riemann-flat embeddings for spatially-flat FRW cosmologies in 4D. In this
interpretation our universe arises as a topological separation from an empty 5D
Minkowski space, as envisioned by Zeldovich
Charged membrane as a source for repulsive gravity
We demonstrate an alternative (with respect to the ones existing in
literature) and more habitual for physicists derivation of exact solution of
the Einstein-Maxwell equations for the motion of a charged spherical membrane
with tangential tension. We stress that the physically acceptable range of
parameters for which the static and stable state of the membrane producing the
Reissner-Nordstrom (RN) repulsive gravity effect exists. The concrete
realization of such state for the Nambu-Goto membrane is described. The point
is that membrane are able to cut out the central naked singularity region and
at the same time to join in appropriate way the RN repulsive region.
As result we have a model of an everywhere-regular material source exhibiting
a repulsive gravitational force in the vicinity of its surface: this
construction gives a more sensible physical status to the RN solution in the
naked singularity case.Comment: Accepted for publication in IJMPD, 17-07-2008; 16 pages, 1 figur
Relativistic anisotropic charged fluid spheres with varying cosmological constant
Static spherically symmetric anisotropic source has been studied for the
Einstein-Maxwell field equations assuming the erstwhile cosmological constant to be a space-variable scalar, viz., . Two
cases have been examined out of which one reduces to isotropic sphere. The
solutions thus obtained are shown to be electromagnetic in origin as a
particular case. It is also shown that the generally used pure charge
condition, viz., is not always required for constructing
electromagnetic mass models.Comment: 15 pages, 3 eps figure
A complete classification of spherically symmetric perfect fluid similarity solutions
We classify all spherically symmetric perfect fluid solutions of Einstein's
equations with equation of state p/mu=a which are self-similar in the sense
that all dimensionless variables depend only upon z=r/t. For a given value of
a, such solutions are described by two parameters and they can be classified in
terms of their behaviour at large and small distances from the origin; this
usually corresponds to large and small values of z but (due to a coordinate
anomaly) it may also correspond to finite z. We base our analysis on the
demonstration that all similarity solutions must be asymptotic to solutions
which depend on either powers of z or powers of lnz. We show that there are
only three similarity solutions which have an exact power-law dependence on z:
the flat Friedmann solution, a static solution and a Kantowski-Sachs solution
(although the latter is probably only physical for a1/5, there are
also two families of solutions which are asymptotically (but not exactly)
Minkowski: the first is asymptotically Minkowski as z tends to infinity and is
described by one parameter; the second is asymptotically Minkowski at a finite
value of z and is described by two parameters. A complete analysis of the dust
solutions is given, since these can be written down explicitly and elucidate
the link between the z>0 and z<0 solutions. Solutions with pressure are then
discussed in detail; these share many of the characteristics of the dust
solutions but they also exhibit new features.Comment: 63 pages. To appear in Physical Review
Two-Component Dust in Spherically Symmetric Motion
Two components of spherically symmetric, inhomogeneous dust penetrating each
other are introduced as a generalization of the well-known Tolman-Bondi dust
solution. The field equations of this model are formulated and general
properties are discussed. inhomogeneous Special solutions with additional
symmetries - an extra Killing- or homothetic vector - and their matching to the
corresponding Tolman-Bondi solution are investigated.Comment: 16 pages, LaTeX, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Class.
Quantum Gra
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